Virtual Technology Review
Virtual reality (VR) is a computing technology that simulates 3D environments. It allows users to interact with virtual worlds through various devices. Virtual reality is viewed via mobile device screens as well as head-mounted displays or VR goggles. VR allows the user to interact with 3D models of bodies and environments in a first-person perspective. These models are referred to as avatars.
In 1968, Ivan Sutherland created a feasible head-mounted display at Harvard University (figure 1-17). The system consisted of miniature cathode-ray tubes which gave stereoscopic images to each eye, as well as mechanical and ultrasonic trackers to allow users to move around in a digital space. The VR technology platform was developed thanks to the advancements in computer graphics and computer processing. Oxford Medical Systems (the predecessor to Vicon Motion Systems) develops the first commercial Motion Capture (MoCap), system in 1984. Silicon Graphics, Inc. has developed the VLSI Graphics Engine, which is a high-speed computer utilized by a number of VR facilities.
It has been demonstrated that VR can increase the knowledge and skills of health professionals education when as compared to less interactive digital learning techniques. However, it is not evident if these results translate into outcomes for patients. VR has also been found to reduce stress in both health professionals and patients. Nijland et al found that ICU nurses using VR relaxation during breaks experienced significantly lower stress levels than nurses who did not utilize VR. However it is crucial to realize that the length of the VR application could cause overstimulation and even cybersickness in certain patients.